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This page contains the searchable bibliography of Susan Strange’s academic work, academic and journalistic work that draws on Susan Strange’s theories and ideas. This bibliography remains a work in progress: if you have completed work, or know of works, that we should feature here, please let us know.

For copyright reasons, this site does not host any of Strange’s work, or of Strange-influenced work. Where available, we have provided links to external sites that host these works.

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Towards a New Understanding of Structural-Power: 'Structure is What States Make of It.'

Pustovitovskij, Andrej, Jan-Frederik Kremer. In Power in the 21st Century. Edited by Enrico Fels, Jan-Frederik Kremer, Katharina Kronenberg, 59-78. Berlin: Polity Press, 2012.

The study of power in International Relations (IR) can be seen as the search for the cornerstone of our discipline. Hardly any theory or approach of IR can claim evidence and explanatory power without at least implicitly addressing the question of the ontology of power. In this article we will, by introducing our concept of structural power, offer a new path towards understanding a concept famously introduced in the 1980s by Susan Strange (1987, 1988a, b), but still lacking clarity in operationalization and application. By addressing the questions: “How does structural power work?/How does structural power change the rules of the game?/How is structural power constituted?/Through which kind of transmission channels does structural power affect the power position of states?/What are the underlying power resources of structural power? What is the relationship between structural power and other forms of power?”, our approach to structural power will, by responding this questions offer a new approach towards the study of power in IR and will foster the understanding of a concept which can help to understand international relations in an interdependent age. By doing so, we will present a concept of structural power which differs from the concept of Susan Strange, but which is also able to enclose her ideas about power structures in world politics, by examining the importance of states’ needs and goods for their structural power position in international relations. The aim of this article is to foster a new understanding of structural power, by introducing a concept of structural power independent from the assumed, but empirically not proofed existence of a specific number of dominant power (sub-)structures and certain resources, but based on a model of structure able to enclose changes in power structures in international affairs.

Keywords: Structural Power, Power; Theory; General Framework

Contributor(s): Andrej Pustovitovskij, Jan-Frederik Kremer, Editor: Enrico Fels, Editor: Jan-Frederik Kremer and Editor: Katharina Kronenberg
Keywords: Structural Power, Power, Theory, Strange-Influenced Works, 2010's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2012

The Transatlantic Divide: Why Are American And British IPE so Different?

Cohen, Benjamin J. Review of International Political Economy 14, no. 2 (2007): 197-219.

Based on a lecture presented to the inaugural meeting of the International Political Economy Society, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 17 November 2006.

Keywords: Political Economy; Theory

Contributor(s): Benjamin J. Cohen
Keywords: Political Economy, Theory, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Journal Article

Year of Publication: 2007

CAVE! HIC DRAGONES! Alan M. Rugmans Contributions to the Field of International Business

Eden, Lorraine. In Internalization, International Diversification and the Multinational Enterprise, edited by Alain Verbeke, 9-27. Bingley, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2005.

Offers a comparison between Susan Strange's intellectual role in IPE and Alan Rugman's in International Business.

Keywords: Corporations; Other; Transnational corporations

Contributor(s): Lorraine Eden and Editor: Alain Verbeke
Keywords: Corporations, Other, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2005

Revisiting Rival States: Beyond the Triangle?

Stopford, John. In International Business and Government Relations in the 21st Century, edited by Robert E. Grosse, 103-116. Cambridge: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2005.

When Susan Strange and I looked into the relationships between firms and States during the late 1980s, we were primarily concerned to signal that the rivalry among States for control over the means of wealth creation had grown to the point where it had overtaken such traditional concerns as control over territory, to become the predominant driver of diplomacy. We argued that States had moved far from the days when suspicion of the multinationals' power had interfered with bargaining relationships, to a position where incentives were being showered on the firms to influence their decisions about where to invest. These were also the days when the UN was still struggling to complete a Code of Conduct for the MNEs (it never succeeded) and when trade talks within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were beginning to link trade relationships with the consequences of foreign direct investment (FDI). Under these seemingly benign conditions, attention could (usefully, we argued) be focused on all three sides of the triangle to gain greater understanding of the dynamics of the relationships and the conditions for competitiveness. We called this “new” diplomacy “triangular” to highlight these growing interrelationships. This was occurring in an era when bargaining power and opinion had swung toward favoring the notion that the MNE was essentially a benign force for economic development. Fears of corruption in the bargaining among executives and government officials had receded. So too had fears about the MNEs' undue interference in internal, domestic policy.

Keywords: Corporations; Trade; Money and Finance; Triangular Diplomacy; Transnational Corporations

Contributor(s): John Stopford and Editor: Robert E. Grosse
Keywords: Corporations, Trade, Money and Finance, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2005

Alternative Directions in the Study of the Global Political Economy

Denemark, Robert A. In Rethinking Global Political Economy. Robert A. Denemark, Kurt Burch, Mary Ann Tétreault, Kenneth P. Thomas, editors. 237-245. London: Taylor & Francis, 2003.

Keywords: Political Economy; Theory

Contributor(s): Robert A. Denemark, Editor: Robert A. Denemark, Editor: Kurt Burch, Editor: Mary Ann Tétreault and Editor: Kenneth P. Thomas
Keywords: Political Economy, Theory, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2003

Caught up in the Madness? State Power and Transnational Organized Crime in the Work of Susan Strange

Friman, H. Richard. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 28, no. 4 (2003): 473-490.

When Susan Strange and I looked into the relationships between firms and States during the late 1980s, we were primarily concerned to signal that the rivalry among States for control over the means of wealth creation had grown to the point where it had overtaken such traditional concerns as control over territory, to become the predominant driver of diplomacy. We argued that States had moved far from the days when suspicion of the multinationals' power had interfered with bargaining relationships, to a position where incentives were being showered on the firms to influence their decisions about where to invest. These were also the days when the UN was still struggling to complete a Code of Conduct for the MNEs (it never succeeded) and when trade talks within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were beginning to link trade relationships with the consequences of foreign direct investment (FDI).

Keywords: Security

Contributor(s): H. Richard Friman
Keywords: Security, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Journal Article

Year of Publication: 2003

Authority and Markets: Interpreting the Work of Susan Strange

Tooze, Roger, Christopher May. In Authority and Markets: Susan Strange's Writings of International Political Economy, edited by Roger Tooze and Christopher May. 1-16. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Introduction to a collection of 16 of Susan Strange's works, divided into five sections, each featuring an introduction and commentary by Roger Tooze and Christopher May

Keywords: Political Economy; Structural Power, Power; Theory; Other

Contributor(s): Roger Tooze, Christopher May, Editor: Roger Tooze and Editor: Christopher May
Keywords: Theory, Other, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2002

Authority and Markets: Susan Strange's Writings of International Political Economy

Strange, Susan. Edited by Roger Tooze, Christopher May. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Collection of 16 works by Susan Strange, with an introduction and commentaries by Roger Tooze and Christopher May.

Keywords: Political Economy; Structural Power, Power; Theory; Other

Contributor(s): Susan Strange, Editor: Roger Tooze and Editor: Christopher May
Keywords: Political Economy, Structural Power, Power, Theory, Other, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Edited Volume

Year of Publication: 2002

Dependency Today-Finance, Firms, Mafias and the State: A Review of Susan Strange's Work from a Developing Country Perspective

Leander, Anna. Third World Quarterly 22, no. 1 (2001): 115-128.

This is an analysis of how the global strategies of Multi-national Enterprises (MNE's) affect the power relationship between MNE's and states in the context of increasing trans-national economic integration.

Keywords: Money and Finance; Trade; Structural Power, Power; Economic Development

Contributor(s): Anna Leander
Keywords: Money and Finance, Trade, Structural Power, Power, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Journal Article

Year of Publication: 2001

Addendum: Fifty Years of International Affairs Analysis: An Annotated Bibliography of Susan Strange's Academic Publications

May, Christopher. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy. Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, editors. 421-443. London: Routledge, 2000.

Abstract content

Keywords: Other

Contributor(s): Christopher May, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Other, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Criticizing US Method and Thought in International Relations: Why a Trans-Atlantic Divide Narrows IR's Research Subject

Verbeek, Bertjan. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 139-158. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Theory; United States; International Relations

Contributor(s): Bertjan Verbeek, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Theory, United States, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

European Competitiveness and Enlargement: Is There Anyone in Charge?

Pellegrin, Julie. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 297-316. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Economics; Europe; Authority; Markets; Political Economy; International Relations; Authority vs Markets

Contributor(s): Julie Pellegrin, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Economics, Authority, Markets, Political Economy, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Global Money and the Decline of State Power

Underhill, Geoffrey R.D. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 115-135. London: Routledge, 2000.

Abstract Content

Keywords: Global governance; Globalization; Money and finance; Authority; Markets; States

Contributor(s): Geoffrey R.D. Underhill, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Global governance, Globalization, Money and finance, Authority, Markets, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Going Beyond States and Markets to Civil Societies?

Shaw, Timothy M., Sandra J. MacLean. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 391-406. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Theory; Authority; Markets; States; Civil Society

Contributor(s): Timothy M. Shaw, Sandra J. MacLean, Maria Nzomo, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Theory, Authority, Markets, States, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Ideology, Knowledge and Power in International Relations and International Political Economy

Tooze, Roger. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 175-194. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Theory; Knowledge; Political Economy; International Relations

Contributor(s): Roger Tooze, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Theory, Knowledge, Political Economy, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Introduction: Looking Beyond the Confines

Lawton, Thomas, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 1-16. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Theory

Contributor(s): Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy Verdun, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Theory, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Knowledge and Structural-Power in the International Political Economy

Mytelka, Lynn K. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 61-78. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Knowledge; Structural Power, Power; Europe; Political Economy; International Relations

Contributor(s): Lynn K. Mytelka, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Knowledge, Structural Power, Power, Europe, Political Economy, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Money and Power in World Politics

Cohen, Benjamin J. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 91-114. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Global governance; Money and Finance

Contributor(s): Benjamin J. Cohen, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Global governance, Money and Finance, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Money Power: Shaping the Global Financial System

Verdun, Amy C. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 99-112. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Structural Power, Power; Money and Finance; Political Economy; International Relations

Contributor(s): Amy C. Verdun, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Structural Power, Power, Money and Finance, Political Economy, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Reflections: Blurring the Boundaries and Shaping the Agenda

Earnest, David C., Louis W. Pauly, James N. Rosenau, Thomas C. Lawton, Amy C. Verdun. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 409-420. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Theory

Contributor(s): David C. Earnest, Louis W. Pauly, James N. Rosenau, Thomas C. Lawton, Amy C. Verdun, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Theory, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Regional Blocks and International Relations: Economic Groupings or Political Hegemons?

Tovias, Alfred. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 321-342. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Global governance; Regionalism; International Relations

Contributor(s): Alfred Tovias, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Global governance, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Setting the Parameters: A Strange World System

Story, Jonathan. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 41-60. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Knowledge; Political Economy; Structural Power, Power; International Relations; General Framework

Contributor(s): Jonathan Story, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Knowledge, Political Economy, Structural Power, Power, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000

Still an Extraordinary Power, but for How Much Longer? The United States in World Finance

Helleiner, Eric. In Strange Power: Shaping the Parameters of International Relations and International Political Economy, edited by Thomas Lawton, James Rosenau, Amy C. Verdun, 251-270. London: Routledge, 2000.

Keywords: Structural Power, Power; Money and Finance; United States

Contributor(s): Eric Helleiner, Editor: Thomas Lawton, Editor: James Rosenau and Editor: Amy C. Verdun
Keywords: Structural Power, Power, Money and Finance, United States, Strange-Influenced Works, 2000's
Source and Medium: Book Chapter

Year of Publication: 2000